Background & Purpose: Due to the epidemic of Corona virus and creating challenges in the world, organizations have also changed, and accepting remote-working is one of the most important challenges facing employees. The purpose of this study is to investigate the lived experience of employees during the existence of this pervasive disease. Methodology: This study is qualitative research with an exploratory goal adopting a phenomenological approach. The study population included employees affected by the outbreak of the Covid 19 pandemic and its consequences such as social distancing, who were required to do most of their work through remote-working. 47 members of the study population were interviewed using purposive sampling. Findings: The research results were classified into three main themes and ten sub-themes. The main themes of the research are individual factors, family factors, and organizational factors. The individual-level includes physical and mental injuries, psychological and social changes, and learning and personal development. The family level also contains opportunities to improve family relationships, family challenges, and financial resilience. Remote-working infrastructure, job perceptions, remote-working management, and attitude/needs new work were also addressed to the organizational level. Conclusion: Due to the emergence of corona epidemics, the study of its consequences in the field of remote-working is also in the early stages of development,however, the extracted factors affect the activities of employees, and it is necessary to pay attention to them to promote the activities of employees.

E-leadership has become the norm as remote working tools have become relatively accessible and inexpensive for organizations, which has increased the capabilities of remote working. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of e-leaders in the sports industry. In the nature of the study, the researchers adopted an interpretive paradigm to answer the research questions. The target population for this study was managers who had at least one year of virtual leadership experience in their sports organizations within the geographical boundaries of Iran. As a result, after conducting 12 interviews, three more interviews were conducted to ensure data saturation. Finally, 15 managers in the sports field participated and were interviewed as participants in this study. The data collection tool was interviews. An inductive method was considered for data analysis and theme generation. To determine the reliability of the data, the criteria of Guba and Lincoln (1994) including validity, transferability, confirmability, and reliability were used. The main themes obtained from the interviews were as follows; Knowledge sharing, motivation, need for humanization, ease of access, skill improvement. In line with the data set, e-leaders need to bring the human element back into their interpersonal relationships as a means to ensure greater connection, and motivation among their virtual teams. In addition to being aware of the specific problems that virtual teams may face, such as limited exposure to knowledge sharing and learning opportunities, reduced motivation, and reduced communication, leaders need to examine the unique challenges they face as an e-leader.

Considering the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, scholars were encouraged to cease collocated meetings. Many researchers have turned to remote collaboration to continue group-based projects. This paper focuses on the structure, processes, and outcomes that a group of physically distanced, embedded researchers used to collaborate across Canada to produce research outputs prior to the pandemic. The intent of this paper is to provide an overview of mechanisms that can facilitate meaningful and productive remote collaboration using online and digital technologies as a feasible and effective alternative mode of communication for research teams.

The development of the remote working model of the new generation of the workforce of medical sciences universities in the country is an important challenge that requires appropriate and efficient solutions. In the beginning, the requirements and challenges in the development of remote work in medical sciences have been identified. The purpose of this research is to design and develop the remote work model of the new generation of the workforce of medical sciences universities in the country, in order to determine and select indicators by using research literature and exploratory interviews along with a survey of 12 managers of medical sciences universities. It has been done in the country, the theoretical saturation has been reached from the purposeful sampling method and theoretical sampling, and then the obtained information has been investigated using the theme analysis method and a paradigm model has been created, which has been analyzed by Maxqda20 software. The findings of the research show the types of causal factors, phenomenon-oriented, strategies, intervening, contextual and consequences, which according to the research approach, research model at the level of dimensions and components investigated and validated in the qualitative stage. Causal factors including cultural and social changes, technology, politics, central factors including the development of information technology, changes in the way of communication and cooperation among the workforce, strategic factors including the development of supportive policies and laws, background factors including the existence of appropriate communication technology, the existence of the system suitable security measures for information protection, intervening factors include organizational changes in the structure of work processes, outcome factors include workforce flexibility, job satisfaction, quality of work life.

The earth landscape is always changing due to human activities and natural phenomena. Therefore, in order to optimize the management of the natural areas, knowledge of the trend and extent of land cover / land use changes is considered necessary, and the estimation of these changes is of great importance. Reviewing these changes through satellite images and predicting and evaluating their potential through modeling can help environmental planners and natural resource managers to make more informed decisions. In the present study, quantitative detection and evaluation of changes in vegetation was performed in the areas with combat desertification projects, Shahdad and Bam in Kerman province and Garmsar in Semnan province, during a 30-year period within 1987, 2002 and 2017. The NDVI vegetation index and land use maps were produced using the ETM + TM and OLI satellite images in the three corresponding periods for the vegetation lands/non-vegetation lands, and agricultural lands. The Kappa coefficient of 0. 83 to 0. 86, 0. 91 to 0. 92, and 0. 94 to 0. 95 was calculated for 1987, 2002, and 2017, respectively, and the total accuracy was between 88 % and 97 %. After providing the land use maps in different years, the monitoring of land use changes was investigated using the change detection methods. According to the trend of changes during the studied periods, our results showed that the vegetation lands in these three areas had an increasing trend, and the non-vegetation lands were turned to vegetation lands over time. Moreover, an increasing trend was found for the agricultural lands during these three periods. Finally, the cost-effectiveness of projects implemented in the studied areas was calculated and evaluated.